Order vs. Chaos in Greek Mythology free essay sample

In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Marduk, the Storm God defeats the dragon-like monster Tiamat. In the Ugaritic Baal Cycle, the Storm God, Baal, defeats the serpent Yam. In both versions of the Illuyanka Myth, the Storm God defeats Illuyanka to restore order to the land. All three of these myths demonstrate the victory of a Storm God over a dragon-like monster in order to restore order over the chaos these monsters created. In both the Enuma Elish and The Baal Cycle, the Storm God’s are given articles of power to defeat the serpent like monsters. In Enuma Elish, Anu who is Marduk’s grandfather presents Marduk with four winds, with these winds he is able to defeat Tiamat as Tiamat is the sea and these winds disturb the sea. As the author of Enuma Elish says â€Å"Anu brought forth and begot the fourfold wind consigning to its power the leader of the host. We will write a custom essay sample on Order vs. Chaos in Greek Mythology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He†¦ stationed the whirlwind, he produced streams to disturb Tiamat. † The powerful winds disrupted Tiamat and signified the initiation of battle as the author of Enuma Elish says, â€Å"When he created the dread fourfold wind, your vitals were diluted and so we can have no rest. The fourfold wind was what enticed Tiamat to create the monsters and prepare for battle; these winds were what ultimately disturbed the Sea and gave Marduk an advantage over his foe. In The Baal Cycle, Kothar-wa-Hasis who is the craftsman god makes Baal two magic clubs to smash and defeat Yam with. Kothar says to Baal â€Å"behold, you will kill your enemy, behold you will annihilate your foes. You will take your eternal kingship, your dominion forever and ever. Kothar brought down two clubs, and he pronounced their names. Each of the clubs that Kothar made for Baal had a significant purpose; one was the â€Å"Driver† and the other the â€Å"Chaser. † â€Å"Driver† was made to â€Å"strike Prince Sea on the shoulder, Jude River between the arms. † â€Å"Chaser† was made to â€Å"chase Sea from his throne, River from the seat of his dominion. Dance is Baal’s hands, like a vulture from his fingers. Strike Prince Sea on the skull. † These two powerful clubs were what were responsible for the conquering of Yam; they gave Baal the advantage he needed to take down the serpent. Version one of the Illuyanka Myth is comparable to the Enuma Elish as both literary works have deceiving plots that depict failed attempts defeating the Storm God. In version one of the Illuyanka Myth, the Storm God uses the help of his daughter to lure Illuyanka closer to him. Illuyanka is invited to a feast when he gets drunk and eventually lets his guard down long enough for the Inara (the Storm God’s daughter) to have him tied up by a man she met earlier in the day. The author wrote in The Illuyanka Myth â€Å"The serpent and [his offspring] came up, and they ate and drank. They drank up every vessel, so they became drunk. Now they do not want to go back down in their hole again. Hupasiya came and tied up the serpent with a rope. † The Storm God’s daughter was full of trickery and extremely deceitful in luring Illuyanka into a vulnerable position where her father could attack him. As stated in the text â€Å"The Storm God came and killed the serpent, and the gods were with him. † The Illuyanka Myth is a prime example of how family members can play a role in the Storm God’s victory; this is quite the opposite in Enuma Elish where family turned against Marduk in his battle. In the battle of Enuma Elish, Tiamat plots revenge against Marduk and has her first born, Kingu, be the chief in her assembly to overthrow Marduk from power. As stated by the author, â€Å"[Tiamat] elevated Kingu, made him chief among them. The leader of the ranks, command of the Assembly, the raising of weapons for the encounter, to combat, to direct the battle, to control the fight. † Tiamat prepares for battle against one of her own, one of her offspring; she defies family and is ready to fight. As stated by the author, â€Å"Tiamat prepares for battle against the gods, her offspring. † In both version one of the Illuyanka Myth and in the Enuma Elish, the serpents use their children to assist in defeat against the Storm God. The battle between Baal and Yam in The Baal Cycle can also be comparable to the battle between Marduk and Tiamat in the Enuma Elish. In The Baal Cycle, Yam sends for El to try and have Baal surrender to Yam. The gods are afraid of Yam, just like the gods are afraid of Tiamat in the Enuma Elish. The author in The Baal Cycle writes â€Å"Sea sent two messengers†¦Leave, lads, do not turn back; now head toward the Assembly in council, at the center of the mountain of night. Do not fall at El’s feet. † Yam wants to take Baal’s place and stature along with his power, and El agrees. Yam says to El â€Å"El, give up the one you are hiding, give up Baal and his powers, the son of Dagon: I will assume his inheritance. † Baal refuses and conquers the serpent with the two clubs presented to him by Kothar instead of surrendering to the serpent’s request. In the Enuma Elish, Tiamat uses a similar approach to try and get Marduk to surrender to her by evoking fear in the other gods to get them to join her Assembly. Unlike The Baal Cycle, Tiamat does not send for Baal asking him to surrender to her, she instead try’s to scare him by forming an army full of monsters to prepare for the fight. Marduk learns of Tiamat’s scheming and is then called to battle to stop her. The author of Enuma Elish writes, â€Å"Let us make monsters, let us do battle and against the gods! They banded themselves together and marched at the side of Tiamat. Enraged, they plot without cease night and day, they are set for combat, growling, raging† Tiamat forms an assembly of people to prepare for combat, just like in The Baal Cycle when Yam sends an assembly of people calling for Baal. Enuma Elish reads, â€Å"They form a council to prepare for the fight. [Tiamat], she who fashions all things, added matchless weapons, bore monster-serpents, sharp of tooth, unsparing of fang. † The serpent in The Baal Cycle and the serpent in the Enuma Elish are both very chaotic in their ways of enticing their Storm God’s to surrender to them, however the Storm God’s still defeat the serpent’s scheming approaches. There are many underlying relationships that exist in myths pertaining to the battle of the Storm God and the dragon-like monsters. These relationships reveal how a specific culture views their supreme god, and puts all their faith in him, in assurance that he will keep their civilization safe from all chaotic harm. The Storm God of all cultures is the protector of that society; he is the king of the gods, the guard against all evil. In the Enuma Elish, Marduk and Tiamat cannot coexist, and as Tiamat plots against him, Marduk must react and rebel in order to stay alive. Marduk does what he has to do to get rid of this monster and protect the other gods. Similarly, in The Baal Cycle, Baal is enticed to defeat Yam as Yam calls out for Baal and demands that he must surrender. Fisherman, sailors, crop-growers all praise Baal as he is the storm god and controls the rain that their crops need to survive. Therefore, Baal controls the harvest season; he is also the god of fertility, so his culture looks up to him and praises him. They need Baal to survive, so Baal slays the serpent to allow his culture to prosper. In both versions of the Illuyanka Myth, Illuyanka initially defeats the Storm God; but the Storm God comes back to take down the serpent once and for all. The Storm God uses trickery and confining situations to force Illuyanka into vulnerable positions. For example in version two of the myth, when the Storm God has his son marry Illuyanka’s daughter, he asks for his eyes and heart back from the serpent in exchange as a wedding gift. Each of these myths demonstrate the courage and act of confidence the Storm God must possess to defeat its enemy, to maintain order and peace within their civilization.

Essay on human needs and motivation The WritePass Journal

Essay on human needs and motivation Introduction Essay on human needs and motivation IntroductionREFERENCESRelated Introduction This essay will be discussing what is   human needs ,   it will explore by looking into human needs and how human needs can impact on human wellbeing   either positively or negatively, it will highlight   government effort in meeting   its people needs,   the   essay will be guided and directed by references from Gough    Doyle,   Frank Field   and   some other researcher in human psychology and social welfare. In this regard,   my discussion will focus on the United Kingdom   context and comparing with some underdeveloped countries. It will summarize by some suggestion on   the different   between   needs   and   wants. In 1943, Abraham   Maslow’s   article (A theory of Human   Motivation).States that   human needs cannot be satisfied and that lower needs are needs to be address before higher needs.  Ã‚   These needs were dubbed deficiency needs. While a person is motivated to fulfil these basal desires, they continue to move toward growth, and eventually self-actualization. Gough      Harris   1986) noted   that ,unsatisfied needs can cause serious harm   Doyal Gough   1991-)highlighted in their matrix of human needs   which consist of: Universal Goal.   Basic need. Intermediate need. Societal precondition for needs satisfaction. They group these characteristic in eleven categories: adequate nutritional food and water, adequate protective housing, non hazardous work   and   physical environment, appropiate   health   care, security in childhood, significant primary relationship, physical and economic security, safe birth control and child bearing, and appropriate cross cultural education, nine of this apply to all people needs, whereas ,One of these refer to According to (Doyal      Gough 1991) in (The theory of human needs) . Needs refer implicitly if not explicitly to a particular categories of goal which are believed to be universal sable, whereas want are goals which derive from an individual preferences and cultural environment. child security and welfare, the second refer to specific need of woman in child bearing. In   discussing Doyal Gough theory:   although : Doyal Gough ,   highlighted   nine of their matrix of human   needs as   all people needs,   however,   the child security and welfare, and the specific need for women in child bearing are also specific and important need.   Needs   have   hierarchy   that start with the basic need to   hierarchy top of need,   needs   are   interwoven and inter chained ,   The other nine of   Doyal Gough   matrix of human need , for example, nutritional   food and water, housing, health care, education, child bearing   and security in childhood   are all human basic needs which are provided by the social welfare system,   Gough Harris noted   that if some basic need are not met , this will lead to some serious harm,   for example   lack of food and water can lead to hunger and illness, lack of housing leads to homelessness , safety vulnerability, and hopelessness,   children in these situation will lack education,  Ã‚   live and grow in poverty and become poor adults. Frank Field (2010) in his ( Poverty and Life Chances) said that:poverty is more than lack of money , and further   says how poverty can effect children to adulthood   as a result of poverty experience by their parent. According   to   Frank   Field (2010).   In trying to tackle child poverty,  Ã‚   the government   reviewed   the   past three decades   Child Poverty Action Group plan, and subsequently  Ã‚   the recommendations that follow   was   the 2010 Child Poverty Act   . The Review reflects how the   ideas on combating poverty have developed . The Review proposes that the country’s efforts to make the life chances of all children more equal should be brought to bear through what  Ã‚   Frank   Field   called the Foundation Years. The 2010 Act was a welcomed initiatives of the last Labour Government. The press reported that when the then Prime Minister, Tony Blair, announced in March 1999 that the Government’s goal was the abolition of child poverty by 2020, his audience at Toynbee Hall was taken by surprise. A surprise it may have been, but the speech gave form and direction to the Government’s anti-child poverty strategy. The announcement instantly transformed the ranking on the political agenda of the issue of poverty in a rich society. How best to abolish child poverty became a topic of high political importance – a ranking that it had not held since the Attlee Government. Few other post war political initiatives have had such an enduring impact on the political debate and on policy. This heightened political importance of countering child poverty was thankfully matched by action.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frank Field (2010). The developed world   like   the UK, USA, and many other developed countries have over a long period of time   being investing on social services,   education, housing and health care, although the benefits of these decades of Government   budgeting   and initiatives towards meeting its people needs are less felt by the populace because of population increase, high volume of migrant migration,   increased   child birth,   unemployment, inflation,   worldwide economic   crisis,   and increased dependent on   social   welfare   services. even though people are still complaining of government not meeting their obligation owed to her people, people in the developed world are much more better off in terms of the welfare services available to them, it is mandatory for parents to take their children to school in the UK,   there are other social welfare services   entitlements which even though not enough, but it still   help in reducing hunger and homeles sness. Can national social policy in an era of globalisation serve either the interest of capitals or the need of the people,   Field   answer to the question is   (NO) he said that the need of capital and the need of the people are irreconcilably opposed and there little or nothing the welfare state can do about it in today’s world. Frank Field (2010) In the developing world.   It is the opposite,   people have to fend for themselves without no government social welfare service ,   no government health care service,   education is for those who can afford it,   it is pathetic,   but   people are used to   not relying on government service, which is not even in existence,   rather the people has a   nuclear family way of helping each other. Where the entire members of the family contributes and help any of the family members who is in need,   be it lacking food,   illness, unemployment   and educating the younger one   within the nuclear   family. This essay has discussed what is human needs and how they interlink   to the human existence, it has briefly discuss   the   UK   Government   initiatives towards enhanced social welfare   services   that met the people needs, it summarise by comparing the developed world social welfare services and the undeveloped world non social welfare situation. REFERENCES Doyal Gough (1991) Matrix of Human Needs: The of capital and the need of people: can the welfare state reconcile the two?   Recommended reading literature journal. Frank   Field ( 2010) Foundation Years: Preventing poor   children becoming poor adults: In the report of the independent review on poverty and life chances. HM Government- London. Gough    Harris (1986) Capitalism and Welfare: In The of capital and the need of people: can the welfare state reconcile the two?   Recommended reading literature journal. Maslow   Abraham   (1943). Hierarchy of needs:A Theory   of Human   Motivation: In Towards a Psychology of being.   Psychology   Review. www.cochranelibrary/psychologyjournal.htm

Bostonair Limited v World Trade Center Hull & Humber Essay

Bostonair Limited v World Trade Center Hull & Humber - Essay Example The task-oriented approach enriches their jobs, and since the attention is job-centered, the routinary element is minimized and the emphasis is placed on results. Flat organizations lack the tall hierarchical structure of centralized organizations and are better suited for workers who, because of their technical expertise, work best in a spirit of collaboration rather than control. Bostonair also has the advantage of a custom-designed recruitment software that more effectively and efficiently matches employer-customers’ needs with job applicants’ qualifications. Because of the exceptional quality of its service, it has accumulated an exceptional track record in the 65 years it has been in service, ranking 7th in the UK among privately owned firms. Its quality of performance has merited a high level of repeat business from prominent firms in the airline industry such as KLM and Lufthansa Technik. Furthermore, much of its organization’s revenue is generated in the German market; the profits earned from German firms exceeds profits may from the UK firms by a factor of 4:1. This is partially an advantage for Bostonair, in that the German economy is the largest and most progressive in Europe. In the case of an economic recession, the German economy is most likely going to prove the most resilient among the European countries, which means demand for Boston airs services may be expected to remain steady. On the other hand, the fact that Germany is its biggest market may present a slight disadvantage in that Germany’s tax rates are higher than those of other European countries, including the UK. Also, it is still possible, despite the strength of the German economy, that the airline industry, in general, may succumb to the global recession. This is not farfetched since travel for business and for tourism are both sensitive to market downturns.